Known Unknowns: Unconventional “Strategic Shocks” in Defense Strategy Development. Nathan P. Freier , Nov 2008, Strategic Studies Institute.
Historically, defense strategy demonstrates three flaws: (1) it is generally reactive, (2) it lacks sufficient strategic imagination, and (3) as a result, it is vulnerable to surprise. The current administration confronted a game-changing “strategic shock” in its first 8 months in office. The next team would be well-advised to expect the same kind of unconventional and nonmilitary shock to DoD convention early in its first term.
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